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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Reduced Retinal Thickness Predicts Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Function.

Najiba Mammadova1, Tricia K Neppl2, Natalie L Denburg3

  • 1Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|April 10, 2020
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Summary

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness correlates with cognitive function in healthy older adults. This finding may help identify early Alzheimer's disease and neurodegenerative disease risk.

Keywords:
cognitive functionexecutive functionoptical coherence tomograhyretinaretinal nerve fiber layer

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection are lacking.
  • Neurodegenerative processes in AD may affect the retina, with studies showing retinal thinning in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • The relationship between retinal thickness and cognitive function, particularly in MCI, remains unclear due to varying diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between retinal thickness and cognitive performance in a healthy aging population.
  • To determine if retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness predicts specific cognitive domains.
  • To explore the potential of retinal thickness as a biomarker for preclinical neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 20 healthy individuals aged 60-90 years.
  • Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments covering multiple cognitive domains.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness.

Main Results:

  • RNFL thickness showed a positive correlation with performance in several cognitive domains, including working memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function.
  • The correlation was not observed across all cognitive domains.
  • Retinal thickness is a potential indicator of cognitive function in normative aging.

Conclusions:

  • RNFL thickness is associated with specific cognitive functions in healthy older adults.
  • This association suggests retinal thickness may serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker for identifying individuals at risk for or in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Further research can refine the use of retinal imaging for early disease detection.