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Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Liang Yin1, Chong Zeng2, Jie Yao2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.

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Summary

Abnormal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are linked to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). This review explores the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in AITD pathogenesis.

Keywords:
AITDcircRNAlncRNAmiRNAncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disorder with incompletely understood pathogenesis.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are increasingly implicated in AITD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AITD.
  • To highlight the significance of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in prevalent AITD like Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases.
  • To offer insights into AITD pathogenesis and potential novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ncRNAs in AITD.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the expression and function of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD.
  • Focus on the most common AITD: Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal expression of specific miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs is associated with AITD development.
  • These ncRNAs play crucial roles in the immune dysregulation characteristic of AITD.
  • Evidence suggests ncRNAs are key players in the etiopathogenesis of Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical in the pathogenesis of AITD.
  • Understanding ncRNA mechanisms offers potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AITD.
  • Further research into ncRNAs may unlock novel treatment avenues for autoimmune thyroid conditions.