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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Similarly oriented objects appear more numerous.

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Visual array numerosity is affected by item orientation. Coherent item orientation creates an illusion of greater quantity, impacting numerical estimation tasks and challenging current models.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Visual perception
  • Numerical cognition

Background:

  • Non-numerical factors like item spacing and arrangement influence numerical estimation.
  • Existing models do not fully account for all factors affecting numerosity perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and investigate a novel visual illusion termed the coherence illusion.
  • To determine the impact of item orientation coherence on the perceived numerosity of visual arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed three distinct numerical judgment tasks involving visual arrays.
  • Arrays were manipulated to vary the coherence of item orientation (coherent vs. random).

Main Results:

  • A novel coherence illusion was observed, where coherently oriented items appeared more numerous.
  • Parametric effects of orientation coherence were evident across all tested numerical judgment tasks.
  • Findings suggest current numerical estimation models may be incomplete.

Conclusions:

  • Item orientation coherence is a significant non-numerical factor influencing numerosity perception.
  • The coherence illusion and regular-random illusion may be explained by array entropy.
  • Further research is needed to refine models of numerical estimation to include factors like orientation coherence.