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Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Local and global force balance for diffusiophoretic transport.

S Marbach1,2, H Yoshida1,3, L Bocquet1

  • 1Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris, France.

Journal of Fluid Mechanics
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusiophoresis, particle transport driven by solute gradients, surprisingly exhibits non-vanishing local forces on the particle surface, unlike electrophoresis. This finding clarifies osmotic balance and suggests applications in particle separation.

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Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Particle transport phenomena like electrophoresis and diffusiophoresis are driven by external fields or concentration gradients.
  • Electrophoresis involves particle motion under an electric field, with local forces vanishing due to electroneutrality.
  • Diffusiophoresis, driven by solute concentration gradients, has unclear local force dynamics, despite global force balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local and global force balance on particles during diffusiophoresis.
  • To clarify the osmotic balance in diffusiophoresis, a topic of recent debate.
  • To explore the implications of local stresses on particle deformation and separation.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of local tension applied on the particle surface during diffusiophoresis.
  • Analysis of various particle types: hard, soft, and porous.
  • Derivation of analytic predictions for local force balance in different systems.

Main Results:

  • Counter-intuitively, local forces on particles do not vanish during diffusiophoresis, even with global force balance.
  • The study clarifies the osmotic balance in diffusiophoresis, resolving recent debates.
  • Analytic predictions for local force balance are provided for diverse particle interactions and structures.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of local stresses in diffusiophoresis can induce deformation in soft particles.
  • These findings suggest potential applications for diffusiophoresis in particle separation technologies, particularly capillary diffusiophoresis.
  • Understanding local force dynamics is crucial for controlling particle behavior in gradient-driven transport.