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Why does peer instruction benefit student learning?

Jonathan G Tullis1, Robert L Goldstone2

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Arizona, 1430 E. Second St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. jonathantullis@gmail.com.

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peer instruction, a teaching method where students discuss answers with partners, enhances learning. This study found that peer discussion improves both student accuracy and confidence in their answers.

Keywords:
ConfidenceDecision makingGroup decisionsMetacognitionPeer instruction

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Peer instruction is a widely adopted pedagogical strategy.
  • Evidence suggests peer instruction significantly benefits student learning outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of learning gains in peer instruction.
  • To analyze how student confidence and accuracy change during the peer instruction process.

Main Methods:

  • Collected semester-long data from 208 undergraduate students across six classes.
  • Students answered 86 course-related questions individually, reported confidence, discussed with a partner, and re-answered with confidence.
  • Analyzed changes in accuracy and confidence before and after peer discussion.

Main Results:

  • Students demonstrated increased accuracy and confidence following peer discussion.
  • Initially correct students were more likely to retain their answers than initially incorrect students.
  • Confidence levels partially explained, but did not fully account for, the tendency to maintain initial answers.

Conclusions:

  • Peer instruction enhances learning through mechanisms like improved explanation coherence and social learning.
  • Confidence and accuracy are influenced by contextual factors within the peer discussion environment.
  • The study provides empirical support for the effectiveness of peer instruction in higher education.