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Lifetime Methamphetamine Use Disorder and Reported Sleep Quality in Adults Living with HIV

Ni Sun-Suslow1, Rowan Saloner1,2, Vanessa Serrano1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

AIDS and Behavior
|April 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

A history of methamphetamine use disorder significantly worsens sleep quality in individuals with HIV, independent of other health factors. Addressing methamphetamine use may improve sleep and overall functioning in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are common in individuals with HIV.
  • Methamphetamine use disorder is a significant public health concern.
  • The interplay between HIV, methamphetamine use, and sleep quality requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a history of methamphetamine (MA) use disorder increases the risk of poor sleep quality in people with or without HIV infection.
  • To compare sleep outcomes across different groups based on HIV status and MA use disorder diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (n=313) were stratified into four groups: HIV+/MA+, HIV+/MA-, HIV-/MA+, and HIV-/MA-.
  • Global sleep outcomes were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
  • Multiple regression analyses examined the association between MA status, sleep quality, and clinical covariates within HIV+ subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in global sleep quality were found between HIV+/MA+ and HIV+/MA- groups, but not between HIV- groups.
  • HIV+ individuals with a history of MA use disorder reported poorer sleep quality and were more likely to be problematic sleepers.
  • This association was independent of depressed mood, BMI, and viral suppression.
  • Poorer sleep quality in HIV+/MA+ was linked to cognitive impairment, unemployment, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • A history of methamphetamine use disorder is associated with significantly poorer sleep quality in people living with HIV.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing or preventing methamphetamine use in HIV+ individuals may improve sleep and overall functioning.
  • Further research should explore targeted sleep interventions for this vulnerable population.
Keywords:
AIDSDepressionStimulantSubstance use

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