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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

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Published on: June 16, 2014

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Bone, inflammation and chronic kidney disease.

Sandro Mazzaferro1, Natalia De Martini1, Silverio Rotondi2

  • 1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation, including aging (inflammaging), negatively impacts bone health and calcium balance. This contributes to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, particularly in chronic kidney disease patients.

Keywords:
CKD-MBDChronic kidney diseaseCytokinesInflammagingInflammationOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Inflammation significantly impacts bone metabolism, influencing calcium balance during both acute and chronic conditions.
  • Chronic, low-grade inflammation, termed 'inflammaging' in aging, is linked to osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney disease.
  • Bone and mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) are associated with accelerated aging and increased cardiovascular mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between inflammatory mediators and bone metabolism.
  • To understand how chronic inflammation, aging, and renal insufficiency contribute to bone disease and cardiovascular risks.
  • To propose early CKD-MBD as a model for accelerated aging, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on inflammatory mediators and bone cell activity.
  • Analysis of the impact of acute and chronic inflammatory states on calcium-bone balance.
  • Examination of the role of 'inflammaging' and CKD-MBD in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Acute inflammation mobilizes calcium for immune response, while chronic inflammation leads to maladaptive states affecting bone.
  • Aging ('inflammaging') is a chronic inflammatory state contributing to osteoporosis and cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
  • CKD-MBD in renal insufficiency patients is a key factor in accelerated aging and cardiovascular death.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between inflammation and bone metabolism is crucial for understanding bone diseases.
  • Chronic inflammation, particularly in aging and CKD, drives significant health risks including osteoporosis and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Early adaptive changes in mineral and bone metabolism in CKD may serve as a model for accelerated aging and related diseases.