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Patient and caregiver contributions to self-care in multiple chronic conditions: A multilevel modelling analysis
Paolo Iovino1, Karen S Lyons2, Maddalena De Maria3
1University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background:
Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are highly prevalent worldwide, especially among older populations. Patient self-care and care partner (or caregiver) contributions to self-care are recommended to reduce the impact of MCC and improve patients' outcomes.
Objectives:
To describe patient self-care and care partner contributions to self-care and to identify determinants of patient self-care and care partner contributions to self-care at the patient and care partner level.
Design:
Multicentre cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Outpatient and community settings in Italy.
Participants:
A sample of 340 patients with MCC and care partner dyads was recruited between 2017 and 2018.
Methods:
We measured patient's self-care and care partner contributions to self-care in dyads using the Self-care of Chronic Illness Inventory and the Caregiver Contribution to Self-care of Chronic Illness Inventory. To control for dyadic interdependence, we performed a multilevel modelling analysis.
Results:
Patients' and care partners' mean ages were 76.65 (± 7.27) and 54.32 (± 15.25), respectively. Most care partners were female and adult children or grandchildren. The most prevalent chronic conditions in patients were diabetes (74%) and heart failure (34%). Patients and care partners reported higher levels of self-care monitoring than self-care maintenance and management behaviours. Important patient clinical determinants of self-care included cognitive status, number of medications and type of chronic condition. Care partner determinants of self-care contributions included age, gender, education, perceived income, care partner burden, caregiving hours per week and the presence of a secondary care partner.
Conclusions:
Our findings support the importance of taking a dyadic approach when focusing on patients with MCC and their care partners. More dyadic longitudinal research is recommended to reveal the modifiable determinants of self-care and the complex relationships between patients and care partners in the context of MCC.
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