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Pharmacist interventions for persons with intellectual disabilities: A scoping review
Catherine Lee1, Jessica Ivo1, Caitlin Carter1
1University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.
Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|April 12, 2020
Summary
Pharmacists offer various services to individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, a lack of standardized definitions and outcome reporting hinders the measurement of their impact on medication management for this population.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice
- Intellectual Disabilities Research
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) often present with complex health needs and comorbidities.
- They are particularly vulnerable to adverse medication effects due to polypharmacy and the use of medications like antipsychotics.
- Pharmacists possess the expertise to address medication-related challenges in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore and synthesize existing knowledge on the care pharmacists provide to individuals with intellectual disabilities.
- To identify the types of pharmacist interventions and their reported outcomes in this population.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework.
- Searches were performed across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Scopus, PsycINFO) in January 2019.
- Studies involving participants with ID or their caregivers, referencing pharmacist interventions, were included.
Main Results:
- Twenty-six studies identified 76 pharmacist care interventions across cognitive pharmacy services, educational/advisory services, and medication prescription processing.
- Fifty-one outcomes were reported, including drug-related interventions, drug-related problems, cost-effectiveness, and caregiver satisfaction.
- Cognitive pharmacy services constituted the largest category of interventions (n=46).
Conclusions:
- Pharmacists are actively involved in providing healthcare services to individuals with ID.
- The impact of these interventions is difficult to measure due to inconsistent definitions of ID and a lack of standardized outcome reporting.
- Further research with standardized reporting is needed to build a comprehensive evidence base for pharmacist involvement in managing medication challenges for persons with ID.
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