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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pathogen Diagnostics with Standardized LAMP
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Halting coronavirus polymerase.

Robert N Kirchdoerfer1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 rnkirchdoerf@wisc.edu.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|April 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue, is being investigated for human coronavirus infections. It functions as a delayed RNA chain terminator, inhibiting MERS-CoV polymerase replication.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Remdesivir is an investigational nucleotide analogue prodrug.
  • It is known to target viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
  • Human coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV, pose significant public health threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of action of remdesivir against MERS-CoV.
  • To investigate remdesivir's interaction with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to study polymerase activity.
  • Analysis of RNA chain termination kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Remdesivir acts as a delayed RNA chain terminator.

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  • This mechanism specifically targets MERS-CoV polymerase complexes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Remdesivir's delayed chain termination activity is a key antiviral mechanism.
    • This finding supports the further investigation of remdesivir for coronavirus treatment.