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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress.

Akhtar Hussain1, Bishwajit Bhowmik2, Nayla Cristina do Vale Moreira3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø 8049, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (FAMED-UFC), Brazil; International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe, B - 1170 Brussels, Belgium; Diabetes Asian Study Group (DASG), Ambwadi, Ahmedabad 380015, Gujarat, India; Centre for Global Health Research, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|April 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

People with diabetes face higher risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19, a novel coronavirus infection. Management requires tailored strategies, glucose monitoring, and careful drug consideration to reduce adverse events.

Keywords:
COVID-19Clinical managementDiabetesPathogenesisSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes COVID-19, a disease with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum.
  • Older age and comorbidities, including diabetes, are significant predictors of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To enhance understanding of COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes and its management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to April 2, 2020.
  • Keywords included "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "diabetes", "pathogenesis", "treatment", and related terms, combined with Boolean operators.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes is associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, potentially due to chronic inflammation, impaired immunity, and direct pancreatic damage.
  • No conclusive evidence supports discontinuing ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or thiazolidinediones in diabetic patients with COVID-19.
  • Chloroquine may increase hypoglycemia risk in diabetic patients; tailored therapeutic strategies and glucose monitoring are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Current evidence is limited, necessitating further research on the relationship and clinical management strategies.
  • Personalized treatment approaches and vigilant monitoring are recommended for diabetic individuals with COVID-19.