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Immunological aspects of nanocellulose
Miodrag Čolić1, Sergej Tomić2, Marina Bekić2
1Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia; University of East Sarajevo, Medical Faculty Foča, R.Srpska, BiH; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
Immunology Letters
|April 13, 2020
Summary
Nanocellulose materials show promising immunotolerogenic potential, modulating immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) to induce regulatory T cells. Surface modifications enhance this effect, crucial for applications in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Immunology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Nanocellulose, derived from cellulose, offers biocompatibility for biomedical uses.
- Understanding nanocellulose's immune system impact is vital for safe clinical translation.
- Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are key regulators of immune responses to nanomaterials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review nanocellulose's effects on the immune system, focusing on DCs and macrophages.
- To present original findings on nanocellulose's immunomodulatory and immunotolerogenic potential.
- To explore how surface modifications influence nanocellulose-induced immune responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nanocellulose's impact on immune cells.
- Experimental analysis of native and functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) on DC function.
- Assessment of DC capacity to induce regulatory T cell subsets (Tregs, CD8+ T cells, Tr-1 cells).
Main Results:
- Nanocellulose, particularly cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), can trigger inflammatory responses in macrophages.
- Surface functionalization significantly modulates nanocellulose-induced immune reactions.
- Native CNF enhanced DC-induced conventional Tregs; carboxylated CNF promoted regulatory CD8+ T cells; phosphonated CNF induced both CD8+ T cells and Tr-1 cells.
Conclusions:
- Nanocellulose exhibits significant immunotolerogenic potential, particularly when surface-modified.
- Functionalized nanocellulose can steer immune responses towards tolerance, crucial for therapeutic applications.
- These findings support nanocellulose's use in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and wound healing.
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