High-Resolution Ultrasonography of the Transverse Cervical Nerve

The transverse cervical nerve (TCN) is a superficial cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus that innervates the skin of the anterolateral neck. Therefore, it is exposed to injury in anterolateral cervical surgery, which can cause neuropathic pain. To provide a method with which to relieve patients' pain, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of visualization, diagnostic assessment and blockade of the TCN with high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS). HRUS with high-frequency probes (15-22 MHz), guided ink-marking and consecutive dissection on both sides in nine fresh cadaver necks (n = 18) was conducted. On both sides of 20 healthy volunteers (n = 40), the distances between the greater auricular nerve (GAN) and the TCN at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were measured. Finally, cases referred to HRUS examinations because suspected TCN lesions were assessed. The TCN was visible in all anatomic specimens and in healthy volunteers. Dissection confirmed HRUS findings in all anatomic specimens (100%). In healthy volunteers, the mean distance between the GAN and the TCN was 10.42 ± 3.20 mm. The median visibility, rated on a five-point Likert scale, was four, reflecting good diagnostic quality. There were six patients with visible abnormalities on HRUS. This study confirmed the reliable visualization of the TCN with HRUS in anatomic specimens, healthy volunteers and patients.