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Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

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Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Efflorescence in Masonry01:25

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Efflorescence in masonry walls appears as a fluffy crystalline powder, often white, resulting from water-soluble salts within the masonry or mortar. When water penetrates the masonry, it dissolves these salts and brings them to the surface, where they are deposited upon evaporation of water.
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Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
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Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ
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The Emergence of Texture.

Sean Silver

    Journal of the History of Ideas
    |April 14, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    The concept of emergence in complexity science has earlier roots than previously thought. Seventeenth-century materials science experiments reveal emergent properties linked to microstructural "texture," predating G. E. Lewes's theory.

    Area of Science:

    • History of Science
    • Philosophy of Science
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • The concept of emergence is central to understanding complexity.
    • G. E. Lewes (1879) is credited with the modern theory of emergent properties.
    • Previous accounts overlook earlier historical precedents for emergence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To recover an earlier tradition in the history of emergence.
    • To re-examine seventeenth-century materials science for insights into emergence.
    • To connect historical artisanal practices to modern complexity theory.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical analysis of seventeenth-century scientific texts and practices.
    • Focus on materials science experiments and their explanations.

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  • Examination of the concept of microstructural 'texture'.

    • Main Results:

    • Seventeenth-century materials science explained emergent properties via microstructural 'texture'.
    • This tradition predates G. E. Lewes's influential 1879 theory of emergents.
    • Artisanal practices in this era provide a foundation for understanding emergence.

    Conclusions:

    • The history of emergence extends beyond G. E. Lewes.
    • Seventeenth-century microstructural explanations offer valuable insights into complexity.
    • Understanding modern complexity requires appreciating early artisanal contributions.