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Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Safety in Congenital Cataract Eyes with Three Pathological Types of Posterior

Xixia Ding1,2, Linfeng Xiang1,2, Qianwei Wang1,2

  • 1Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Congenital cataracts with posterior capsule abnormalities (persistent fetal vasculature, posterior capsule defect, posterior lenticonus) have similar surgical complication rates to those without abnormalities. Skilled surgical techniques ensure safety in these cases.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Cataract Surgery

Background:

  • Congenital cataracts (CCs) can present with various posterior capsule abnormalities (PCAs).
  • Understanding the clinical characteristics and surgical implications of PCAs is crucial for pediatric eye care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize three pathological types of PCAs in CCs: persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), posterior capsule defect (PCD), and posterior lenticonus (PLC).
  • To evaluate the surgical safety and complication rates in eyes with CC and PCAs compared to those without.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 367 eyes from 239 children with CC undergoing cataract surgery.
  • Detailed analysis of surgical videos and recording of intraoperative and postoperative complications within three months.

Main Results:

  • PCAs were present in 35.1% of CC eyes, with PCD being the most common (26.7%), followed by PFV (10.9%) and PLC (5.4%).
  • PFV and PCD frequently co-occurred. Surgical complication rates ranged from 0-5.4% and did not differ significantly between eyes with or without PCAs (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • PFV, PCD, and PLC are significant findings in CCs, potentially linked by abnormal fetal vasculature attachments.
  • Despite the presence of PCAs, severe surgical complications can be avoided with meticulous surgical planning and execution.
  • This study highlights the safety of cataract surgery in children with CC and PCAs when performed skillfully.
Abstract

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