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Association of HCV genotype with viral load among Iranian blood donors: a penalized logistic regression
Fahimeh Ranjbar Kermani1, Sedigheh Amini Kafi-Abad1, Kamran Mousavi Hossein1
1Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3a is common in Iran. This study found no significant difference in viral load between HCV genotypes 1 and 3, but higher viral loads were observed in genotype 3 infections.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Hepatology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant cause of liver disease worldwide.
- HCV genotype 3a is the predominant strain among Iranian blood donors.
- Understanding HCV genotype prevalence and viral load is crucial for disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and HCV viral load in Iranian blood donors.
- To determine if specific HCV genotypes are associated with higher viral loads.
- To explore demographic associations with HCV genotype.
Main Methods:
- An analytical cross-sectional study involving 106 anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA positive blood donors.
- HCV viral loads quantified using a one-step Taq Man Real-Time RT-PCR assay.
- Statistical analysis performed using penalized logistic regression with STATA software.
Main Results:
- The predominant HCV genotypes identified were 3a (65 subjects), 1a (31 subjects), and 1b (10 subjects).
- The mean viral load was 1.44 × 10^6 IU/ml, with no significant difference between genotype 1 (1.49 × 10^6 IU/ml) and genotype 3 (1.40 × 10^6 IU/ml) (p=0.93).
- No significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and HCV genotype.
Conclusions:
- While not statistically significant, a trend of higher viral loads was observed in genotype 3 infections compared to genotype 1.
- The study did not establish a direct association between HCV genotype and viral load.
- The findings underscore the high circulation of HCV genotype 3a among Iranian blood donors, potentially linked to high viral loads.
Abstract:
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood born virus and the leading cause of advanced hepatitis disease. HCV genotype 3a is predominant among Iranian blood donors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between HCV genotype and HCV viral load. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study 106 anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA positive blood donors referred to Iranian blood centers across the county were entered. HCV viral loads were determined by an in-house one step Taq Man Real-Time RT-PCR assay. Penalized logistic regression was performed for data analysis. STATA software version 13 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 37.94 ± 9.04 years ranged from 19 to 58 years. Male gender included 104 (98.1%) of subjects. 31, 10 and 65 subjects were infected with genotypes1a, 1b, and 3a, respectively. The mean viral load was 1.44 × 106 ± 4.5× 105 IU/ml. HCV viral load was not significantly different among subjects infected with HCV genotypes 1, 1.49 × 10 6 ± 4.57 × 10 6 IU/ml compare to genotype 3, 1.40 × 10 6 ± 5.58 4.58 × 106 IU/ml (p=0.93). Conclusion: Although not significant, the frequency of subjects with high viral load (> 800,000 IU/ml) was higher in subjects infected with genotype 3 than those of genotype 1. No associations were found between demographic characteristics and HCV genotype. Although the study was unable to find any association between HCV genotype and HCV viral load/ HCV viral load group, it highlighted the role of high viral load in the high circulation of HCV genotype 3a among Iranian blood donors.
