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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
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After spending 3 to 10 hours in the large intestine, chyme loses a lot of water and becomes feces, the final product of digestion. Feces consist of undigested dietary fiber such as cellulose, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, and microbes. The descending and sigmoid colon stores feces and uses haustral contractions to dry it out but retains enough water to give it a semi-solid texture.
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Related Experiment Video

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Fecaloma presenting as huge abdominal mass.

Mushtaq A Khan1, Hilal A Dar1, Altaf H Shah1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Kashmir India.

JGH Open : an Open Access Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|April 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fecal impaction, though common in certain patient groups, rarely causes intestinal obstruction. This case highlights a severe sigmoid fecalith leading to bilateral hydronephrosis, requiring surgical intervention.

Keywords:
clinical gastroenterology in the elderlyclinical intestinal disorderscolonic motility and disordersintestinal ischemia

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Geriatrics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Fecal impaction is a frequent complication in elderly, bedridden patients, particularly those with schizoaffective disorder on antipsychotic medications.
  • Distal colonic fecaliths typically present with symptoms amenable to conservative management, such as digital manual evacuation and enemas.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with significant abdominal distention and a reported history of no bowel evacuation for three months.
  • Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a large fecalith within the sigmoid colon.

Findings:

  • The large sigmoid fecalith was causing bilateral hydronephrosis, indicating severe urinary tract obstruction.
  • The patient underwent a laparotomy, resulting in sigmoid colon resection and the creation of an end colostomy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for fecaliths to cause rare but severe complications like bilateral hydronephrosis.
  • It highlights the importance of considering surgical intervention in refractory or complicated cases of fecal impaction, even in high-risk patient populations.