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We predict how isolated quantum systems reach thermal equilibrium. Our typicality approach shows perturbations lead to similar relaxation dynamics, validated by existing data.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems is a fundamental challenge.
  • Predicting relaxation dynamics near known cases requires robust theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytical prediction for the relaxation of isolated many-body quantum systems towards their thermal equilibrium.
  • To establish a method applicable to systems perturbed from a known reference relaxation case.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a typicality approach to analyze quantum system dynamics.
  • Demonstrating the similarity of time-dependent expectation values across an ensemble of perturbations.
  • Comparing analytical predictions with numerical simulations and experimental data.

Main Results:

  • An analytical framework is established for predicting thermalization dynamics.
  • The typicality approach effectively captures the relaxation behavior of perturbed quantum systems.
  • Predictions show strong agreement with existing literature results.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analytical method provides a reliable tool for understanding quantum thermalization.
  • The typicality approach offers a powerful conceptual framework for perturbed quantum dynamics.
  • This work bridges theoretical predictions with empirical validation in quantum systems.