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Researchers demonstrate a novel geometric method for controlled-phase gates between error-correctable logical qubits. This breakthrough is crucial for advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing and enabling practical quantum computations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires logical qubits with error correction.
  • Quantum gate operations between logical qubits are essential but experimentally undemonstrated.
  • Existing methods for logical qubit encoding include multi-physical qubit distribution or high-dimensional Hilbert spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate controlled-phase gates between two logical qubits.
  • To develop a geometric method for implementing these essential quantum gates.
  • To advance the realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation.

Main Methods:

  • A geometric method using a cyclic evolution of an ancillary superconducting qubit was employed.
  • The ancillary qubit was dispersively coupled to cavities storing photonic logical qubits.
  • Conditional geometric phase was produced based on the joint photonic state of the cavities.

Main Results:

  • Phase gates were successfully realized for photonic qubits encoded in quasiorthogonal coherent states.
  • A controlled-phase gate was implemented between two error-correctable, binomially encoded logical qubits.
  • The geometric approach proved effective for logical qubit gate operations.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated geometric method provides a viable pathway for controlled-phase gates between logical qubits.
  • This work is a significant step towards experimental implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation.
  • The findings have implications for both discrete-variable and continuous-variable quantum computation.