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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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What is Meiosis?01:34

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Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. Following meiosis, the resulting haploid eggs or sperm only contain 23 chromosomes; however, each of these chromosomes contains a unique combination of parental information that results from the meiotic process of crossing over.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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[Measles].

Isabel A Lüthy1,2, Isabel N Kantor2

  • 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Medicina
|April 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Global vaccination declines risk measles outbreaks, threatening herd immunity for preventable diseases. Argentina

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Global vaccination rates are declining, with over 20 million children unvaccinated worldwide.
  • This decline raises concerns about the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles, pertussis, and tetanus.
  • Measles, a highly transmissible airborne virus, is a primary concern due to its potential for rapid outbreaks.

Observation:

  • An outbreak of measles began in Argentina in late August 2019.
  • Measles virus genotyping in South America primarily identifies the D8 genotype.
  • In North America, the B3 genotype accounts for 8% of measles cases.

Findings:

  • Measles is highly contagious, with one infected person potentially infecting 12-18 susceptible individuals.
  • Vaccination provides robust protection against measles, inducing both antibody and cellular immunity.
Keywords:
measlesoutbreaksprevention and controlvaccination

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  • Two doses of the measles vaccine offer lifelong protection (97%), while one dose provides 93% protection at 12 months.

    • Implications:

    • Urgent vaccination efforts are needed to prevent widespread measles outbreaks and protect public health.
    • Maintaining high vaccination coverage is crucial for achieving and sustaining herd immunity against infectious diseases.
    • Understanding measles transmission dynamics and vaccine efficacy is vital for public health strategies and disease control.