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Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder mobile apps: A systematic review.

Costina Ruxandra Păsărelu¹, Gerhard Andersson², Anca Dobrean¹

¹Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

International Journal of Medical Informatics

|April 14, 2020

Summary

Mobile apps for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are numerous, but most lack empirical support for their effectiveness. Further research is crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of these digital health tools for ADHD management.

Keywords:

Apps Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Children Mobile Parent

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Area of Science:

Digital health interventions
Mobile applications
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common condition affecting children and adolescents.
Barriers to accessing evidence-based ADHD treatments persist despite available interventions.
Digital health solutions, particularly mobile apps, show promise for managing mental health conditions like ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review mobile applications designed for ADHD management.
To analyze the general characteristics, empirical support, content, and design of ADHD apps.
To identify the most downloaded ADHD apps and assess their features.

Main Methods:

Systematic searches of app stores (Apple App Store, Google Play, NHS Health Apps Library) and literature databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane).
Inclusion criteria focused on ADHD-specific apps, targeting assessment, treatment, or both, functional and in English.
Data extracted included target population, developer, price, downloads, ratings, privacy, language, category, purpose, and empirical support.

Main Results:

109 ADHD apps were identified, catering to diverse populations including children, adolescents, parents, and professionals.
Most apps focused on treatment or symptom assessment, with few offering information on development or efficacy.
The four most downloaded apps had between 10,000 and 500,000 downloads; only one relevant study was found in the literature, with no overlap with app store data.

Conclusions:

A significant number of ADHD mobile apps are available, but evidence supporting their efficacy is scarce.
There is a critical need for research to validate the safety and effectiveness of commercially available ADHD apps.
Future research should focus on establishing the scientific basis for digital health interventions in ADHD management.