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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

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Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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DNA Isolation01:34

DNA Isolation

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DNA from cells is required for many biotechnology and research applications, such as molecular cloning. To remove and purify DNA from cells, researchers use various methods of DNA extraction. While the specifics of different protocols may vary, some general concepts underlie the process of DNA extraction.
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
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Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques.

Alshymaa A Aly1,2, Tadeusz Górecki1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green sample preparation minimizes hazardous solvents and energy use. Ideal alternatives include low-solvent or solvent-free extraction techniques for analytical chemistry applications.

Keywords:
ecofriendly extraction techniquesenvironmentally friendly analytical processesgreen analytical chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Sample preparation is vital for accurate analysis, ensuring representative and interference-free samples.
  • Traditional methods often rely on hazardous organic solvents and significant energy consumption.
  • Green chemistry principles aim to reduce or eliminate these environmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies.
  • To introduce the theoretical principles behind these environmentally friendly approaches.
  • To highlight recent developments and applications in various scientific fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on green extraction techniques.
  • Discussion of theoretical principles of solvent-minimized and solvent-free methods.
  • Compilation of recent advancements in food, pharmaceutical, environmental, and bioanalytical chemistry.

Main Results:

  • Green approaches focus on reducing solvent and energy consumption in sample preparation.
  • Solvent-free and low-solvent extraction techniques are presented as viable alternatives.
  • Numerous recent developments showcase the applicability of green methods across diverse analytical fields.

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing or eliminating hazardous solvents and energy is key to sustainable analytical chemistry.
  • Solvent-efficient extraction methods are crucial when sample preparation cannot be avoided.
  • Green sample preparation techniques are increasingly important and widely applied in modern analytical chemistry.