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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project
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Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project

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Cultivating DNA Sequencing Technology After the Human Genome Project.

Jeffery A Schloss1, Richard A Gibbs2, Vinod B Makhijani3

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|April 15, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Human Genome Research Institute

Keywords:
$1,000 genome technology programAdvanced Sequencing Technology ProgramNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of Healthfunding agencyfunding modelnanopore DNA sequencingnext-generation DNA sequencingpeer review

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Automated Sanger DNA sequencing was the primary method post-Human Genome Project.
  • Emerging DNA sequencing technologies required development and funding.
  • Opportunities for DNA sequencing in biological research were expanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To stimulate the development of new DNA sequencing methods.
  • To reduce the cost of sequencing a human genome.
  • To advance DNA sequencing technology from innovation to production.

Main Methods:

  • Established the Advanced Sequencing Technology Program.
  • Funded academic and commercial partners.
  • Supported all stages of technology development.

Main Results:

  • Accelerated the advancement of core DNA sequencing technologies.
  • Demonstrated the impact of strategic funding on technological innovation.
  • Facilitated significant progress in DNA sequencing capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Judicious funding can rapidly advance core technologies.
  • Technological advancements in DNA sequencing have profound scientific implications.
  • The program successfully drove down sequencing costs and expanded applications.