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Cold Weather Concreting

Cold Weather Concreting

When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Plunge Freezing: A Tool for the Ultrastructural and Immunolocalization Studies of Suspension Cells in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Plunge Freezing: A Tool for the Ultrastructural and Immunolocalization Studies of Suspension Cells in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: May 5, 2017

Freeze-all, for whom, when, and how.

Paula Celada¹, Ernesto Bosch¹

¹Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain.

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

|April 15, 2020

Summary

The freeze-all strategy, involving cryopreservation of all oocytes or embryos, shows benefits for specific patients, including those with high ovarian response or undergoing genetic testing, optimizing outcomes and minimizing risks.

Keywords:

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)cryopreservation embryo implantation freeze-all fresh embryo transfer frozen embryo transfer (FET)in vitro fertilization (IVF)segmentation

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
In Vitro Fertilization

Background:

The 'freeze-all' practice involves cryopreserving all oocytes or embryos post-ovarian stimulation.
Vitrification advancements enable high post-thaw survival and comparable implantation rates to fresh embryo transfers.
Overall benefits are not seen in normo-responder patients when implantation rates are similar.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the freeze-all approach in assisted reproduction.
To discuss recent advancements and clinical recommendations for its application.
To highlight specific patient groups and scenarios where freeze-all is advantageous.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of existing literature.
Analysis of clinical evidence regarding freeze-all implementation.
Discussion of optimal timing and patient selection for the technique.

Main Results:

Freeze-all improves outcomes for patients undergoing pre-implantation genetic testing by allowing all blastocysts to be included.
Elevated progesterone levels at the end of stimulation negatively impact implantation rates for day 6 blastocysts.
In high responders, freeze-all optimizes response and reduces the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Conclusions:

The freeze-all strategy offers distinct advantages in specific clinical situations.
Careful patient selection and consideration of progesterone levels are crucial for successful implementation.
Understanding the benefits and drawbacks is essential for reproductive experts.