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Related Experiment Videos

Umbilical cord knots and encirclements.

H McLennan1, E Price, M Urbanska

  • 1Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne.

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Umbilical cord knots and encirclements are linked to stillbirths, but a study of 1,115 vaginal deliveries found no adverse outcomes. This research highlights the need for further investigation into these common umbilical cord variations.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Fetal Development

Background:

  • Umbilical cord complications, including knots and encirclements, are associated with a significant proportion of stillbirths, particularly in infants weighing 2,500g or more.
  • Despite this known risk, the clinical impact of these findings during routine vaginal deliveries remains an area requiring further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the incidence of umbilical cord knots and encirclements in a cohort of vaginal deliveries.
  • To determine if these umbilical cord variations are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in the studied population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 1,115 consecutive vaginal deliveries.
  • Documentation of umbilical cord findings (knots, encirclements) and perinatal outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of umbilical cord length percentiles (10th, 50th, 90th).

    • Main Results:

    • The study identified 6 cases of umbilical cord knot (0.5%) and 158 cases of cord encirclement (14.2%) among 1,115 deliveries.
    • No adverse events or complications attributable to cord knots or encirclements were observed during pregnancy, labor, or delivery.
    • Observed umbilical cord lengths ranged from 27-122 cm, with 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles at 40, 52, and 69 cm, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Umbilical cord knots and encirclements occurred in a notable percentage of vaginal deliveries without resulting in adverse outcomes in this cohort.
    • The absence of clinical warnings for fetal distress related to these cord variations suggests potential resilience or alternative compensatory mechanisms.
    • Further research is warranted to fully understand the clinical significance and management of umbilical cord variations during pregnancy and delivery.