Molecular Crosstalk Between Non-SMN-Related and SMN-Related Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Most cases of spinal muscular atrophy are caused by functional loss of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, while less than 5% of cases are attributed to genes other than SMN. Mutations in LMNA, the lamin A/C encoding gene, cause an adult form of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and in our recent work, we highlight a role for lamin A/C in SMN-related SMA pathways. Here, we discuss this apparent molecular crosstalk between different types of SMA in context with previous work, showing that dysregulation of proteins produced by other SMA-causing genes, including UBE1, GARS, and SETX, are also implicated in SMN-related SMA pathways. The perturbation of UBE1, GARS, and lamin A/C help explain mechanisms of tissue-specific pathology in SMA, and we propose Wnt/β-catenin signalling as a common molecular pathway on which they each converge. Therapeutic strategies directed at these proteins, or their convergent pathways, may therefore offer a new approach to targeting tissue-specific pathology in SMN-related SMA.