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Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
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Advanced three-dimensionally engineered simulation model for aortic valve and proximal aorta procedures.

Marco Russo1, Markus Koenigshofer2, Martin Stoiber2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a realistic 3D-printed silicone model for aortic valve surgery training. The patient-specific models accurately replicate anatomy and surgical handling, enhancing surgeon education and complex case simulation.

Keywords:
Aortic valve replacementAscending aorta surgeryPatient anatomySilicone castingThree-dimensional engineeringTraining model

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Medical Device Development

Background:

  • Realistic simulation models are crucial for training surgeons in complex procedures like aortic valve surgery.
  • Existing models often lack patient-specific anatomical accuracy and realistic tissue mechanics.
  • The need for cost-effective, high-fidelity simulators for cardiac surgery training is significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce and validate realistic, patient-specific 3D engineered models for simulating aortic valve and proximal aortic procedures.
  • To create a training tool that accurately reproduces patient anatomy, tissue characteristics, and surgical handling.
  • To enhance the training of young surgeons and the simulation of complex cardiac surgical cases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D printing technology to manufacture casting molds based on segmented computed tomography imaging of patient anatomy.
  • Employed silicone casting to create detailed anatomical models, including aortic valve leaflets, aortic root, and ascending aorta.
  • Evaluated model realism through mechanical hardness testing and a survey administered to experienced cardiac surgeons.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced six 3D silicone models accurately representing patient-specific aortic valve and proximal aorta anatomy.
  • Surgical simulation of aortic valve replacement on the models was performed by participants.
  • A 100% participant satisfaction rate was achieved, with all surgeons rating the model as perfectly reproducing anatomy and surgical handling.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a realistic, cost-effective 3D simulator for training and simulating complex aortic valve procedures.
  • The model accurately replicates the angulation and orientation of aortic structures, enabling lifelike surgical simulation.
  • This innovative training model provides valuable opportunities for practicing diverse surgical interventions on patient-specific anatomy.