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Low IQ samples and WAIS-R factor structure.

L Atkinson¹, J J Cyr

¹Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Mental Retardation : AJMR

|November 1, 1988

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Factor analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) in low IQ individuals confirms its structure. However, subtest contributions to general intelligence differ between low IQ and standardization samples, cautioning against short-form use.

Area of Science:

Psychometrics
Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) is a widely used measure of adult intelligence.
Understanding the factor structure of the WAIS-R is crucial for accurate interpretation, especially in specific populations.
Previous research has established the WAIS-R's factor structure in normative samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) in a sample of individuals with low IQs.
To compare the WAIS-R factor structure in low IQ individuals with structures found in normative data and other related Wechsler scales.
To assess the validity of factor-based interpretations and the use of short-forms in intellectually low-functioning clients.

Main Methods:

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Factor analysis was applied to the subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R).
The study included 204 individuals with low IQs.
The extracted factor structures were compared to those derived from normative data and previous studies using WAIS, WISC-R, and WISC.

Main Results:

The factor analysis of the WAIS-R in the low IQ sample yielded solutions comparable to those found in normative data and other Wechsler scales.
The restricted IQ range and diminished variance in the low IQ sample provided a stringent test of the WAIS-R's factor structure.
Subtest contributions to general intelligence were more similar across different low IQ samples than between the current low IQ sample and the standardization sample.

Conclusions:

The factor structure of the WAIS-R is robust even within a restricted low IQ range.
Clinicians can perform valid factor-based interpretations of the WAIS-R for intellectually low-functioning clients.
Caution is advised regarding the use of WAIS-R short-forms in this population due to potential differences in subtest contributions to general intelligence.