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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
Published on: February 19, 2021
Tracking Time and Resources Associated with Systems Change and the Adoption of Evidence-Based Programs: The "Hidden
Elise T Pas1, Sarah Lindstrom Johnson2, Y Natalia Alfonso3
1Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. epas@jhu.edu.
Abstract:
This study leveraged data from a 40-school randomized controlled trial to understand the cost of coaching to support implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs) through a multi-tiered system of supports for behavior (MTSS-B) model. Coach activity log data were utilized to generate the annual average, per school, costs of coaching of $8198. The cost of school personnel time for coaching was estimated to be $3028. Data on coach-rated administrator buy-in, school MTSS-B engagement, and implementation infrastructure and capacity were also collected and found to be associated with coaching activities. Notably, coaches did not spend significantly different amounts of time in schools using few EBPs relative to more EBPs, indicating some inefficiency in the use of coaches' time. These findings highlight the often-overlooked resources needed to support EBP implementation in schools.
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