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Impact of Saharan Dust on Severe Small for Gestational Births in the Caribbean

Jean-François Viel1, Léah Michineau2, Céline Garbin3

  • 1Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|April 15, 2020
PubMed

Desert dust transported from the Sahara to the Caribbean generates peak exposures to particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10). We investigated the impact of dust episodes on severe small for gestational-age births in Guadeloupe. The study sample consisted of 911 pregnant women enrolled in the Timoun mother-child cohort. Desert dust exposure was assessed through the mean daily PM10 concentrations averaged over the entire pregnancy. Numerous sociodemographic and medical risk factors were considered as covariates and introduced into multinomial logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated per SD change (3.08 μg/m3). Among various outcomes, symmetrically growth-retarded births showed the highest OR (3.28, 95% CI: 1.08-10.02). Saharan dust seems to influence weight but not length or head circumference at birth. Given the high OR observed in this study, it is conceivable that Saharan dust plays a role through severe placental insufficiency early in pregnancy.

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