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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Current pharmacotherapy for tic disorders.

Nicholas Cothros1, Alex Medina1, Tamara Pringsheim1,2,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines pharmacotherapies for Tourette Syndrome tics, including alpha agonists and antipsychotics. Treatment choice depends on tic severity, impairment, and comorbidities like ADHD.

Keywords:
Tourette syndromealpha adrenergic agonist medicationsantipsychotic medicationspharmacotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tourette Syndrome pathophysiology remains incompletely understood.
  • Several pharmacotherapies for tics exist with variable efficacy and evidence.
  • This review focuses on available pharmacologic treatments for tics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pharmacotherapies for Tourette Syndrome tics.
  • To discuss the efficacy and evidence strength of various treatments.
  • To provide expert opinion on treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacotherapies for tics.
  • Discussion of alpha agonists, antipsychotics, topiramate, botulinum toxin, and dopamine depleters.

Main Results:

  • Treatment decisions are influenced by tic-related impairment and psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Alpha agonists are favored when Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is present.
  • Antipsychotics are indicated for severe impairment or refractory tics.

Conclusions:

  • Psychoeducation and support are crucial first steps.
  • Assessment of impairment and comorbidities guides pharmacotherapy selection.
  • All treatments require ongoing safety monitoring and reevaluation.