Digitalization of the IOM: A comprehensive cadaveric study for obtaining three-dimensional models and morphological properties of the forearm's interosseous membrane

State-of-the-art of preoperative planning for forearm orthopaedic surgeries is currently limited to simple bone procedures. The increasing interest of clinicians for more comprehensive analysis of complex pathologies often requires dynamic models, able to include the soft tissue influence into the preoperative process. Previous studies have shown that the interosseous membrane (IOM) influences forearm motion and stability, but due to the lack of morphological and biomechanical data, existing simulation models of the IOM are either too simple or clinically unreliable. This work aims to address this problematic by generating 3D morphological and tensile properties of the individual IOM structures. First, micro- and standard-CT acquisitions were performed on five fresh-frozen annotated cadaveric forearms for the generation of 3D models of the radius, ulna and each of the individual ligaments of the IOM. Afterwards, novel 3D methods were developed for the measurement of common morphological features, which were validated against established optical ex-vivo measurements. Finally, we investigated the individual tensile properties of each IOM ligament. The generated 3D morphological features can provide the basis for the future development of functional planning simulation of the forearm.