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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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A Superconducting Binary Encoder with Multigate Nanowire Cryotrons.

Kai Zheng1,2,3, Qing-Yuan Zhao1,2, Hai-Yang-Bo Lu1

  • 1Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.

Nano Letters
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We developed a tiny, low-power superconducting binary encoder using nanowire cryotrons. This advancement is crucial for scalable cryogenic electronics in quantum and classical devices.

Keywords:
digital circuitnanowire cryotronsingle-photon detectorsuperconductor device

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Area of Science:

  • Cryogenic electronics
  • Superconducting devices
  • Quantum computing hardware

Background:

  • Classical and quantum devices require cryogenic temperatures.
  • On-chip cryogenic digital electronics are essential for scalability and performance.
  • Advanced signal processing is needed for cryogenic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a superconducting binary encoder with ultralow power dissipation and ultracompact size.
  • To introduce a multigate superconducting nanowire cryotron (nTron) functioning as an 8-input OR gate.
  • To demonstrate the application of this encoder in reading out superconducting-nanowire single-photon detector arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multigate superconducting nanowire cryotron (nTron).
  • Construction of a 4-bit encoder using four cryotrons.
  • Integration of the encoder with a superconducting-nanowire single-photon detector array.

Main Results:

  • The nTron functions as an 8-input OR gate within a 0.5 μm² footprint.
  • The 4-bit encoder exhibits an 18.9% bias margin and operates at >250 MHz.
  • The encoder demonstrates an average switching jitter of 75 ps and power dissipation <1 μW.
  • Successful digitization of pixel location from a single-photon detector array into a 4-bit binary address.

Conclusions:

  • Superconducting nanowire cryotrons (nTrons) offer ultralow power dissipation and ultracompact size.
  • The developed nTron-based encoder is suitable for high-performance cryogenic applications.
  • These nTrons show significant promise for future monolithic integration in cryogenic systems.