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Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Profiling of Oral Bacterial Communities.

W G Wade^1,2, E M Prosdocimi¹

¹Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Dental Research

|April 15, 2020

Summary

Profiling oral bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing is crucial for understanding oral health. This review details optimal methods for DNA extraction, gene region selection, and data analysis for accurate microbiota characterization.

Keywords:

caries dentistry ecology gingivitis microbiome periodontitis

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An Analytical Tool-box for Comprehensive Biochemical, Structural and Transcriptome Evaluation of Oral Biofilms Mediated by Mutans Streptococci

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Published on: January 25, 2011

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Bacterial communities exhibit vast diversity, with housekeeping gene sequencing revealing extensive microbial life.
Standard protocols for bacterial profiling exist, but habitat-specific modifications are often necessary.
The human oral microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review sequencing and analysis methods tailored for studying the bacterial component of the human oral microbiota.
To guide researchers in selecting appropriate techniques for accurate oral microbiome profiling.

Main Methods:

DNA extraction from oral samples, emphasizing prompt processing or proper storage to prevent degradation.
Selection of the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene for optimal species discrimination, particularly for *Streptococcus*.
Utilizing sequencing platforms like MiSeq and emerging long-read technologies, coupled with analysis pipelines (mothur, QIIME, DADA2) and curated oral databases (HOMD, CORE).

Main Results:

The V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene offers superior resolution for identifying oral bacterial species.
Established bioinformatics pipelines and specialized oral databases enhance the accuracy of microbiome analysis.
Expert interpretation is vital for identifying contaminants and distinguishing oral from nonoral bacteria.

Conclusions:

16S rRNA gene sequencing remains a valuable and effective technique for characterizing oral bacterial populations.
Advances in sequencing technology and data analysis continue to improve the resolution and reliability of oral microbiome studies.
Careful methodology, including sample handling and data interpretation, is essential for robust findings in oral microbiota research.