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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

2.6K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures
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Phase-modulated axilenses for infrared multiband spectroscopy.

Yuyao Chen, Wesley A Britton, Luca Dal Negro

    Optics Letters
    |April 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed compact axilens devices for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection. These devices offer efficient focusing and spectral selectivity, enabling new applications in miniaturized optical systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Infrared Technology

    Background:

    • Miniaturized optical components are crucial for advanced sensing.
    • Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) applications require efficient and selective detection methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and characterize compact phase-modulated axilens devices for LWIR operation.
    • To integrate focusing and spectral selectivity into a single component for multiband LWIR photodetection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (RS) diffraction theory for device design.
    • Validated designs numerically using the finite element method (FEM).
    • Characterized focusing efficiency, spectral response, and crosstalk ratio of fabricated devices.

    Main Results:

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    • Demonstrated compact, four-level phase-modulated axilens devices for LWIR (6-12 µm).
    • Achieved efficient point focusing and grating selectivity.
    • Showcased a single-component microspectrometer with broadband and polarization-insensitive performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed axilens devices are suitable for monolithic integration with infrared focal plane arrays (IR-FPAs).
    • These devices enhance miniaturized optical systems with fundamental spectroscopic capabilities for LWIR detection and spectroscopy.