[Infections by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus].

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases

Context:

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the second leading cause of mononucleosis syndrome and a significant cause of congenital infections.

Purpose:

• To detail the diagnosis and serological patterns of EBV infections.
• To outline the complications of EBV, including malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
• To describe the management, treatment, and prophylaxis of CMV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Summary:

• EBV mononucleosis diagnosis involves serological patterns, with complications including cancers and autoimmune disorders; no effective treatment exists.
• CMV infections pose high morbidity and mortality risks in immunocompromised individuals (transplant recipients, HIV coinfection).
• CMV treatment relies on antivirals like ganciclovir, with ongoing research into new drugs and prophylactic strategies.

Impact:

• Highlights the significant health burden of EBV and CMV infections.
• Emphasizes the need for effective management strategies for EBV and CMV, particularly in vulnerable populations.
• Informs clinical practice regarding diagnosis, complications, and treatment of these common viral infections.