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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils
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The EBV action in tonsils and adenoids.

L H Endo1,2, E Sakano1, L A Camargo3

  • 1Department of Otorrhinolaryngology, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

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|April 15, 2020
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Summary

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is frequently found in adenoids, particularly in children under 24 months, suggesting a role in obstructive hyperplasia. Tonsils showed lower EBV prevalence compared to adenoids.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Bacterial tonsil disease is well-studied, but viral involvement, particularly Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), remains less understood.
  • EBV infection, common in childhood, persists in lymphocytes and is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
  • The presence of EBV in non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal and tonsil lymphoid tissue requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of EBV in pediatric adenoid and tonsil tissues.
  • To explore the correlation between EBV presence and adenoid hyperplasia.
  • To compare EBV prevalence in adenoids versus tonsils.

Main Methods:

  • In situ hybridization (ISH) for EBER 1/2 RNA was used to detect EBV.
  • Adenoid tissues from 165 patients (2-15 years) were analyzed, divided into two age groups: 12-24 months and 25 months-15 years.
  • Tonsil tissues from 85 patients (3-13 years) undergoing surgery for recurrent tonsillitis or hyperplasia were also examined.

Main Results:

  • EBV was detected in 34.3% of adenoids in the younger group (12-24 months) and 72% in the older group (25 months-15 years).
  • EBV was found in respiratory epithelial cells of one adenoid sample.
  • EBV prevalence was significantly higher in adenoids than in tonsils.

Conclusions:

  • Children under 24 months can be infected with EBV, and the virus may contribute to obstructive adenoid hyperplasia.
  • Adenoid tissue appears to be more susceptible to EBV infection than tonsillar tissue.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific role of EBV in adenoid hyperplasia and related conditions.