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Related Concept Videos

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration01:25

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

132
Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

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Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
276
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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Establishment of a Novel Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion System for Rat Lungs After Circulatory Death
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[Extracorporeal heart and lung replacement procedures].

K Pilarczyk1, G Trummer2, H-G Jakob1

  • 11_984Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Westdeutsches Herzzentrum Essen, Uniklinik Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland.

Zeitschrift Fur Herz-, Thorax- Und Gefasschirurgie
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) offer life-saving interventions for severe cardiac and respiratory failure. However, their invasive nature and potential complications necessitate use in specialized centers.

Keywords:
Acute lung injuryAcute respiratory distress syndromeCardiopulmonary resuscitationDecarboxylationOxygenation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiopulmonary support technologies
  • Critical care medicine
  • Respiratory and cardiac failure management

Context:

  • Extracorporeal support systems are established treatments for cardiac and pulmonary failure.
  • Evidence for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe respiratory failure is growing.
  • Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used for cardiogenic shock and as a bridge to transplantation.

Purpose:

  • To review the established and emerging applications of extracorporeal support systems.
  • To highlight the technical distinctions between pump-driven and pumpless systems.
  • To emphasize the critical need for specialized centers due to the invasive nature and potential complications.

Summary:

  • Veno-venous ECMO is a life-saving procedure for severe respiratory failure, supported by trials like CESAR.
  • Veno-arterial ECLS is utilized for cardiogenic shock, post-transplantation, and advanced resuscitation.
  • Pumpless extracorporeal lung assist (pECLA) aids in hypercapnic respiratory failure by facilitating lung-protective ventilation.

Impact:

  • Technical advancements in extracorporeal devices are significant.
  • These invasive procedures are associated with major complications.
  • Widespread use is not recommended; restrict to expert centers.