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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
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Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
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Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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Group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

Kimberly C DuBose1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Primary Care Update for Ob/Gyns
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute pharyngitis, often caused by viruses, can also stem from group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS). Prompt penicillin treatment for GABHS pharyngitis is crucial to prevent complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acute pharyngitis is a frequent upper respiratory infection affecting both pediatric and adult populations.
  • While viruses are the most common cause, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) account for a significant percentage of cases, particularly in children (20%) and adults (5%).
  • Clinical presentations vary widely, from mild throat discomfort to severe symptoms like high fever and pain, necessitating a broad differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, diagnosis, and management of acute pharyngitis, with a focus on GABHS infections.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent sequelae.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on acute pharyngitis and GABHS infections.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities, including the role and selection criteria for throat cultures.
  • Outline of recommended treatment guidelines for confirmed GABHS pharyngitis.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections are the predominant cause of acute pharyngitis.
  • Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) are a common bacterial cause, especially in children.
  • Throat culture remains the gold standard for GABHS diagnosis, requiring careful patient selection for optimal sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis is essential for appropriate management.
  • Penicillin is the recommended first-line antibiotic for documented GABHS infections.
  • Timely treatment of GABHS pharyngitis is critical for preventing serious complications such as rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.