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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
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Emerging infectious diseases.

H Rogier van Doorn1

  • 1is a Clinical Microbiologist for the Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK, and is based in Hanoi, Vietnam. Competing interests: none declared.

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Human pathogens evolve and emerge from animal reservoirs, leading to new infectious diseases and epidemics. Understanding pathogen evolution is key to predicting and managing future outbreaks.

Keywords:
Drivers of emergenceMRCPemerging infectionshotspots for emergencespecies jumpzoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The landscape of human pathogens and infectious diseases is dynamic, shaped by evolution and human-environment interactions.
  • Non-human reservoirs are critical in the emergence and re-emergence of human pathogens.
  • Pathogens can acquire new traits like drug resistance or appear in new geographic locations, causing epidemics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolutionary dynamics of human pathogens.
  • To highlight the role of animal reservoirs in infectious disease emergence.
  • To understand the patterns of pathogen re-emergence and endemicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathogen evolution and emergence literature.
  • Analysis of historical and recent epidemic data.
  • Ecological and environmental interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen evolution drives changes in disease spectrum.
  • Animal reservoirs are a primary source for novel and re-emerging infectious diseases.
  • Pathogens often follow a trajectory from epidemic to endemic states, with potential for future outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pathogen evolutionary history is crucial for predicting disease emergence.
  • Interventions are necessary to manage the transition of pathogens from epidemic to endemic states.
  • Continuous surveillance and research are vital to address evolving infectious disease threats.