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PCR

PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format

Published on: August 20, 2018

The polymerase chain reaction and pathology practice.

¹is a Research Assistant Professor at the Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05404, USA.

Diagnostic Histopathology (Oxford, England)

|April 15, 2020

Summary

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a vital molecular test enhancing pathology diagnostics. This review details PCR principles, variations like RT-PCR and qPCR, and its clinical applications in disease detection and forensics.

Keywords:

molecular diagnostics molecular pathology polymerase chain reaction (PCR)quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Pathology practice increasingly utilizes molecular tests for enhanced diagnostics and patient management.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a cornerstone technique in molecular pathology.
Understanding PCR principles and successful assay methodologies is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To explain the fundamental principles of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
To detail methodological factors critical for successful PCR assays.
To provide an overview of PCR technique variations and product analysis.

Main Methods:

Explanation of core PCR principles.
Description of key PCR variations: Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).
Overview of methods for analyzing PCR-generated products.

Main Results:

Successful PCR assays depend on understanding specific methodological factors.
Variations like RT-PCR and qPCR offer expanded applications.
PCR product analysis techniques are essential for interpreting results.

Conclusions:

PCR is indispensable in modern pathology for diagnostics and patient management.
The review provides a comprehensive guide to PCR principles, techniques, and applications.
PCR finds broad utility in clinical settings, including infectious disease, genetic disorders, tumor diagnostics, and forensic science.