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Human coronaviruses: Clinical features and phylogenetic analysis

Shih-Wen Li1, Cheng-Wen Lin1

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Biomedicine
|April 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause common colds but can lead to severe illness in vulnerable groups. This review examines HCoV genome differences, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic agents for infections.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Common human coronaviruses (HCoV) like HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 typically cause mild upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
  • Severe manifestations, including lower respiratory tract infections and febrile seizures, can occur in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Emergence of novel HCoV strains, such as SARS-CoV in 2002 and human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 in 2012, highlights the potential for severe outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genomic variations among different human coronavirus strains.
  • To explore the pathogenesis of HCoV infections.
  • To discuss recent advancements in developing therapeutic agents for HCoV infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human coronavirus genomics, pathogenesis, and therapeutics.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of conserved and non-conserved genes between HCoV strains, specifically human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 and SARS-CoV.
  • Synthesis of current research on therapeutic strategies for HCoV infections.

Main Results:

  • Identification of highly conserved sequences in ORF1ab, spike, nucleocapsid, and envelope protein genes between human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 and SARS-CoV.
  • Demonstration of significant genomic differences, particularly in membrane protein genes, between these strains.
  • Overview of the diverse clinical presentations and pathogenic mechanisms of various HCoV strains.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HCoV genomic diversity is crucial for comprehending their varied pathogenesis.
  • Continued research into therapeutic agents is essential for managing HCoV infections, especially those caused by novel or severe strains.
  • The review provides insights into the evolutionary relationships and potential treatment avenues for human coronaviruses.

Keywords:
human betacoronavirus 2c EMC2012human coronavirusphylogenetic treesevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

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