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Modifiable Risk Factor Possession Patterns of Dementia in Elderly with MCI: A 4-Year Repeated Measures Study

Osamu Katayama1, Sangyoon Lee1, Seongryu Bae1

  • 1Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City 474-8511, Aichi, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Identifying modifiable risk factors in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is key. A low-risk factor profile significantly increases the likelihood of cognitive reversion in elderly individuals with MCI.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects a significant portion of the elderly population.
  • Identifying reversible risk factors is crucial for preventing dementia progression.
  • Understanding patterns of modifiable risk factors can inform targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patterns of modifiable risk factors in elderly individuals with MCI.
  • To examine the relationship between these risk factor patterns and cognitive outcomes over four years.
  • To provide insights for interventions aimed at preventing cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis was used to classify nine modifiable risk factors in 789 community-dwelling elders (≥65 years) with MCI.
  • Participants were followed for four years and classified as reverters or non-reverters based on cognitive function.
  • Binomial logistic regression and repeated measures analysis were employed to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • The overall reversion rate from MCI to normal cognitive function was 30.9%.
  • Five distinct patterns of modifiable risk factors were identified: low risk, psychosocial, health behavior, educational, and smoking.
  • The 'low risk' factor group demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of reverting from MCI compared to other groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Specific patterns of modifiable risk factors are associated with cognitive outcomes in elderly individuals with MCI.
  • A 'low risk' profile is linked to a greater chance of cognitive recovery.
  • These findings support the development of targeted interventions to mitigate dementia risk in this population.
Keywords:
educationalhealth behaviorlatent class analysismild cognitive impairmentmodifiable risk factorpsychosocialsmoking

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