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High-Density Lipoproteins Are Bug Scavengers.

Olivier Meilhac1,2, Sébastien Tanaka1,3, David Couret1,4

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High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) may play a crucial role beyond cholesterol transport, potentially aiding in the clearance of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during infections like sepsis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are traditionally known for cholesterol transport.
  • Emerging evidence suggests HDLs interact with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
  • HDL levels decrease during infections, hinting at a role in pathogen clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review HDL modifications in response to pathogens.
  • To explore the role of HDL in sepsis and LPS clearance.
  • To discuss the potential of HDL therapy for inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HDL composition and function.
  • Analysis of 'omics' data in inflammatory states.
  • Focus on sepsis, atherosclerosis, periodontitis, and metabolic syndrome.

Main Results:

  • HDL composition significantly changes during various inflammatory conditions.
  • HDLs bind and neutralize bacterial LPS.
  • Reduced HDL levels are observed in infectious states like sepsis.

Conclusions:

  • HDLs may have a critical role in combating bacterial infections, particularly LPS.
  • HDL function might extend beyond reverse cholesterol transport in inflammatory diseases.
  • HDL modifications offer potential therapeutic targets for sepsis and other inflammatory conditions.