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Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology
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Advances in the diagnosis of fungal pneumonias

Bryan T Kelly1, Kelly M Pennington1,2, Andrew H Limper1,2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN, USA.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|April 16, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Diagnostic methods for fungal infections are advancing rapidly. This review covers current and emerging diagnostic tests for common fungal pathogens, including molds, yeasts, and endemic fungi.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fungal infections are rising due to environmental factors and increased immunocompromised populations.
  • Traditional diagnostic methods like culture have limitations, including delayed results.
  • Newer antigen, antibody, and molecular tests offer faster diagnosis but have varying sensitivities and specificities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic tests for common fungal infections.
  • To highlight recent advancements in fungal diagnostics.
  • To discuss future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed-NCBI within the past 5 years.
  • Inclusion of diagnostic guidelines and reviewed references.
  • Focus on angioinvasive molds, invasive yeasts, Pneumocystis, and endemic fungi.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic approaches are evolving beyond traditional culture methods.
  • Antigen and antibody tests provide quicker results but face challenges.
  • Molecular methods are increasingly important, with ongoing development for various fungal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid advancements in diagnostic testing are crucial for managing increasing fungal infections.
  • Molecular diagnostics show significant promise for improved sensitivity and specificity.
  • Continued research is needed to optimize and expand diagnostic capabilities for fungal pathogens.
Keywords:
AspergillusBlastomycesCandidaCoccidioidesCryptococcusHistoplasmaMucorPneumocystis

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