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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

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Second course of systemic dexamethasone: efficacy and respiratory function changes.

Theodore Dassios1,2, Ourania Kaltsogianni1, Anne Greenough2,3,4

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|April 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A second course of dexamethasone (a corticosteroid) effectively helps premature infants on ventilators to be successfully extubated, improving their oxygenation. This treatment aids in weaning infants off invasive ventilation.

Keywords:
Prematurely born infantsdexamethasonerespiratory function

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the efficacy of a second course of postnatal corticosteroids for extubating premature infants.
  • The impact on respiratory function after repeat corticosteroid courses is not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of a second dexamethasone course for successful extubation in premature infants.
  • To analyze respiratory function changes post-second dexamethasone administration.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study involving infants born before 30 weeks gestation.
  • Analysis of infants receiving a nine-day course of intravenous dexamethasone.
  • Successful extubation defined as no re-intubation within 72 hours.

Main Results:

  • 93% (14/15) of infants were successfully extubated after the second dexamethasone course.
  • Significant improvement in the ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) from 0.13 to 0.26 (p=0.001).
  • Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) requirement decreased significantly from 0.70 to 0.34 (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • A second course of systemic dexamethasone is effective for weaning premature infants from mechanical ventilation.
  • Treatment is associated with significant improvements in infant oxygenation.