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Falls and Cancer.

R Morris1, A Lewis1

  • 1Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|April 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Falls are common in older adults, especially those with cancer, due to muscle weakness and balance issues. Exercise programs and early screening can prevent falls and improve quality of life.

Keywords:
Cancerfallsgeriatric assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oncology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Falls are a significant health issue in older adults, leading to morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare costs.
  • Cancer disproportionately affects older individuals, and cancer patients exhibit higher fall rates due to treatment-related side effects and disease progression.
  • Cancer and aging exacerbate sarcopenia (muscle loss), impair neurological function, and contribute to cognitive deficits, all increasing fall risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased risk of falls in older adults with cancer.
  • To identify key risk factors for falls in this population, including sarcopenia, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairment.
  • To emphasize the benefits of structured exercise and early screening for fall prevention and functional improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on falls in older adults and cancer patients.
  • Identification of physiological and cognitive factors contributing to falls.
  • Discussion of the role of exercise interventions and clinical assessment tools.

Main Results:

  • Cancer and its treatments significantly increase fall risk by potentiating muscle weakness, balance deficits, cognitive impairment, and functional decline.
  • Chemotherapy can worsen neurological function, leading to gait and balance problems.
  • A negative cycle of reduced activity, deconditioning, and increased fall risk is established, compounded by cancer-related fatigue and mood disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Structured exercise programs focusing on strength and balance are effective for falls prevention in older adults with cancer.
  • Regular aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory health and treatment tolerance.
  • Simple clinical assessments can identify high-risk individuals, guiding treatment planning and geriatric assessment referrals.