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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Enthalpy02:59

Enthalpy

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Chemists ordinarily use a property known as enthalpy (H) to describe the thermodynamics of chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy (E) and the mathematical product of its pressure (P) and volume (V):
46.4K
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
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Thermal effects.

Jinsong Liang1, Panyue Zhang1, Yajing Cai1

  • 1College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|April 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermal effects are crucial for treating wastewater and solid waste, aiding nutrient, heavy metal, and organic waste recovery. Research in 2019 highlighted these thermal treatment advancements for environmental benefits.

Keywords:
heavy metal removal and immobilizationmembrane technologynutrient removal and recoveryorganic waste utilizationwastewater and sludge treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Thermal effects significantly influence wastewater and solid waste treatment processes.
  • Effective management of wastewater and solid waste is critical for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on thermal effects in wastewater and solid waste treatment published in 2019.
  • To consolidate findings on nutrient recovery, heavy metal removal, and organic waste utilization using thermal methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published in 2019.
  • Categorization of research into key areas: wastewater/sludge treatment, nutrient recovery, membrane technology, heavy metal removal, and organic waste utilization.

Main Results:

  • Thermal processes are vital for wastewater and sludge treatment.
  • Nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) recovery from wastewater and sludge offers environmental and product benefits.
  • Temperature enhances the removal and recovery of heavy metals and organic wastes.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal effects are integral to advanced wastewater and solid waste management strategies.
  • Optimizing thermal conditions can improve resource recovery and pollution reduction.
  • Further research in 2019 demonstrated the versatility of thermal treatments across various waste streams.