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Cognitive dysfunction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Csaba Oláh1, Noa Schwartz2, Christopher Denton3

  • 1Departments of Neurosurgery, Borsod County Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary.

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|April 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause cognitive dysfunction (CD). Evaluation and management of inflammation and psychological factors are key for patients with AIRD.

Keywords:
Cognitive dysfunctionCognitive functionNeuropsychiatric lupusRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), significantly impact daily functioning.
  • Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a recognized complication in some AIRDs, particularly RA and SLE.
  • While SSc may not directly affect the brain, it carries a substantial psychological burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between AIRDs and cognitive dysfunction (CD).
  • To highlight the factors contributing to CD in specific AIRDs.
  • To suggest evaluation and management strategies for CD in AIRD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cognitive dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis.
  • Analysis of factors associated with cognitive dysfunction, including disease activity, demographics, and psychological impact.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding pathogenic pathways, assessment, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is linked to age, education, and disease activity in RA.
  • Significant progress in understanding neuropsychiatric SLE, including pathways and treatments.
  • SSc has minimal direct neurological impact, but associated depression and anxiety are prevalent.
  • Patients with sustained AIRD activity, organ damage, or low education require CD evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic inflammation control and behavioral cognitive therapies can benefit AIRD patients with cognitive dysfunction.
  • Early evaluation for CD is recommended for AIRD patients with specific risk factors.
  • Multifaceted management addressing both disease activity and psychological well-being is crucial.