Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

16.4K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
16.4K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

19.3K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
19.3K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

18.2K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
18.2K
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

19.3K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
19.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Environmental factors modulate the responsiveness and reversibility of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced inactivation of GAPDH.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same author

Evolution of allostery without shape shifting: Internal dynamics drives functional diversification of a transcriptional repressor superfamily.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Monoclonal antibodies against nitrated nerve growth factor reveal an oxidation-dependent pathogenic hallmark in ALS.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Berry polyphenol-macronutrient interactions reduce starch digestibility and modulate glycemic potential in bread and pasta.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

Multifaceted roles for persulfide species in redox chemical biology.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Activity-based CO<sub>2</sub> sensing using CarboSenR2 provides new insights into cellular metabolism.

Redox biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

14.5K

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Facts, Unknowns, and Challenges.

Marianela Rodríguez1,2, Valeria Valez1, Carolina Cimarra1

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|April 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) involves brain energy failure and oxidative stress. Monitoring mitochondrial dysfunction using near-infrared spectroscopy can assess HIE severity and guide therapy.

Keywords:
free radicalshypoxic-ischemic encephalopathymitochondrial dysfunctionneonatal encephalopathyperinatal asphyxia

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Uncovering the Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Phosphate in Heart Failure and Bioenergetics
07:03

Author Spotlight: Uncovering the Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Phosphate in Heart Failure and Bioenergetics

Published on: August 23, 2024

1.3K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

14.5K
Author Spotlight: Uncovering the Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Phosphate in Heart Failure and Bioenergetics
07:03

Author Spotlight: Uncovering the Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Phosphate in Heart Failure and Bioenergetics

Published on: August 23, 2024

1.3K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic events cause neonatal mortality and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
  • HIE involves primary and secondary energy failure phases, with a latent period of partial neuronal recovery.
  • Energy failure, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathological features of HIE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mitochondrial dysfunction as a target for assessing and treating HIE.
  • To investigate the role of mitochondrial oxidant production in HIE pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring mitochondrial function in HIE.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of cytochrome c oxidase redox state using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy.
  • Determination of cerebral oxygenation.
  • Correlation of mitochondrial dysfunction markers with HIE severity.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, including oxidant production (O2•−, peroxynitrite), is central to HIE.
  • Near-infrared spectroscopy offers a promising in vivo method for monitoring mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial status correlate with brain injury severity in HIE.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial for HIE evolution, prognosis, and therapy.
  • Restoring mitochondrial redox homeostasis is a key therapeutic goal in HIE.
  • Mitochondria-targeted and redox-based therapies may synergize with hypothermia for improved HIE treatment.